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English first person plural imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis studies the English 1st person plural imperative clause. Specifically it focuses on outlining the various possible categories of illocutionary force expressed by it. Czech translation counterparts of the clause are used as an ancillary means of determining these categories. In the process of utilising these counterparts during the analysis, the study also identifies specific markers in the Czech language helpful in determining categories of illocutionary force of the English originals. The thesis is comprised of two main parts. The first, theoretical part focuses on describing the grammatical form of the 1st person plural imperative clause, on forming the framework of discourse function and categories of illocutionary force as utilised by the study, on summarising the distribution of the 1st person plural imperative clause across the fields of discourse and on outlining the various syntactic and/or lexical means through which the Czech language expresses the directive discourse function. The second, empirical part analyses one hundred examples of English 1st person imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts from the parallel translation corpus InterCorp.
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Czech "copak" and its English translation equivalents in parallel texts
Petrová, Zuzana ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the Czech expression copak and its translation counterparts. It focuses on the individual functions and meanings of copak and the ways these are expressed in the English translation. The aim of the present paper is to determine to what extent the discourse meanings of copak as a particle are maintained in the translations and what means English uses to do so. Regarding the pronominal function of copak, the main issue is to examine whether the postfix -pak is reflected in the English translations or not and what equivalents are used in comparison to the forms without the postfix. Another objective is to analyse the English counterparts according to their formal representation and define their discourse functions in respect to the discourse meanings of the Czech originals containing copak. The research carried out in the present thesis was based on material drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. A total of 240 examples with the expression copak was excerpted with the English translations aligned to them. The analysis was divided into five parts, according to the particular word class of copak. Particles proved to be the most productive word class, as they provided 187 examples and 25 different translation counterparts, negative question being the most frequent one. The...
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English past conditional and its Czech counterparts
Jansová, Cecílie ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present work studies the English past conditional and its Czech translation counterparts. English past conditional is formally described as consisting of the auxiliary verb would (or should) and the past infinitive. The structure carries the hypothetical meaning and is usually accompanied by a condition. The main aim of the present work is to analyze its Czech translation counterparts, among which are the Czech past conditional, present conditional and past indicative. Various aspects, which may influence the translation, are studied: the type of the hypothetical meaning of the English original, the time reference and the presence of the condition. In addition, attention is paid to the realization forms of the English condition. The analysis is based on 100 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp available through the Czech National Corpus website.
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English optative sentences as translation counterparts of Czech sentences introduced by kéž
Tesař, Jan ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Jančovičová, Ivana (referee)
The thesis explores the syntactic means used in English to express a wish. While in Czech the optative sentences constitute a special sentence type, in English various constructions can be used to perform the same function. A contrastive approach is therefore used to identify the types of English optative sentences. The particle kéž introducing Czech optative sentences is used as a marker of the optative function. English optative sentences are identified in English original texts as counterparts of Czech translations comprising the particle kéž. The material is drawn from the English-Czech fiction sub-corpus of the parallel translation corpus InterCorp. One hundred English optative sentences are analysed with respect to the syntactic structure of the sentence (simple vs. complex) and the form of the verb (mood). The formal features are correlated with the choice of the addressee, time reference and realizability of the wish. The English optative sentences comprise, apart from the most frequent type introduced by I wish, a range of constructions, including 'minor' irregular sentences, which are described in more detail in the analytical part of the thesis. KEYWORDS optative sentences, particle kéž, translation counterparts, parallel corpus, English, Czech
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Czech "copak" and its English translation equivalents in parallel texts
Petrová, Zuzana ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the Czech expression copak and its translation counterparts. It focuses on the individual functions and meanings of copak and the ways these are expressed in the English translation. The aim of the present paper is to determine to what extent the discourse meanings of copak as a particle are maintained in the translations and what means English uses to do so. Regarding the pronominal function of copak, the main issue is to examine whether the postfix -pak is reflected in the English translations or not and what equivalents are used in comparison to the forms without the postfix. Another objective is to analyse the English counterparts according to their formal representation and define their discourse functions in respect to the discourse meanings of the Czech originals containing copak. The research carried out in the present thesis was based on material drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. A total of 240 examples with the expression copak was excerpted with the English translations aligned to them. The analysis was divided into five parts, according to the particular word class of copak. Particles proved to be the most productive word class, as they provided 187 examples and 25 different translation counterparts, negative question being the most frequent one. The...
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English tough-constructions and their Czech counterparts
Dudáková, Petra ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
This thesis deals with English tough-constructions and their Czech translation counterparts. Tough-constructions are constructions the verb phrases of which most frequently contain an adjective and their object is placed into the position of a subject (e.g. he is difficult to get on with). These constructions have no Czech syntactic equivalent. The transposition of the object into the subject position is also possible with some nouns and verbs. Adjectives or nouns complementing the infinitive phrase (a.k.a. tough-predicates) then evaluate the action or the object of the action expressed by the infinitive phrase. The aim of this thesis is to determine how these English constructions are translated into the Czech language. For the purpose of the analysis one hundred instances of the English tough-constructions together with their Czech translation counterparts were extracted from the InterCorp, a parallel English-Czech corpus. The analysis itself focuses on the examination of their syntactic structure, realization of the verb, the translation of the adjective, temporal reference and functional sentence perspective of the Czech semantic equivalent of the English subject. key words: tough-constructions, translation counterparts, tough-predicates, syntactic structure, functional sentence perspective
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Czech optative sentences introduced by "kéž" and "ať" and their English translation counterparts
Kvítková, Alena ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The thesis studies Czech optative sentences introduced by kéž and ať and their English translation counterparts. The features of the two respective types of sentences differ notably - while sentences introduced by kéž may appear in present or past conditional as well as in indicative, each one indicating different temporal reference of the wish, sentences with ať make use of indicative only. This difference is expected to cause each of them to be paired with different counterparts or cause one counterpart to be more popular with one of the sentence types than with the other. All of the typical means in the English language conveying the function of a wish, usually classed under exclamative sentences, appear among the examples as well as some of the less common means. Focus is given to the interdependence of translation counterparts with time reference of the wish and its un/realizability. In cases where the time orientation of the wish cannot be the decisive factor, attention will be paid to the style of the text or fixity of the phrases. For the purpose of the analysis one hundred examples of Czech optative sentences- fifty sentences introduced by kéž and fifty introduced by ať - together with their English translation counterparts were extracted from InterCorp.
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English translation equivalents of "snad" and "možná"
Hýl, Radoslav ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis explores the Czech adverbs snad and možná and their English translation counterparts in order to arrive at a set of possible translation counterparts-a translation paradigm-and to look closely into their realizations, syntactic roles, meaning and distribution frequencies. The analysis progresses from classifying correspondences into types and uncovering linguistic data, to attempting to identify the logic behind translators' choices. The most numerous group of counterparts is single-word adverbs, such as perhaps and maybe. Various other counterperts are attested: modal auxiliaries, adverb phrases, prepositional phrases, noun phrases, finite comment clauses, question tags, and different units of discourse. A number of zero correspondences signal occasional bleached meaning of snad and možná in Czech. The analysis is based on 100 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp, which is part of the Czech National Corpus project.
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English first person plural imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis studies the English 1st person plural imperative clause. Specifically it focuses on outlining the various possible categories of illocutionary force expressed by it. Czech translation counterparts of the clause are used as an ancillary means of determining these categories. In the process of utilising these counterparts during the analysis, the study also identifies specific markers in the Czech language helpful in determining categories of illocutionary force of the English originals. The thesis is comprised of two main parts. The first, theoretical part focuses on describing the grammatical form of the 1st person plural imperative clause, on forming the framework of discourse function and categories of illocutionary force as utilised by the study, on summarising the distribution of the 1st person plural imperative clause across the fields of discourse and on outlining the various syntactic and/or lexical means through which the Czech language expresses the directive discourse function. The second, empirical part analyses one hundred examples of English 1st person imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts from the parallel translation corpus InterCorp.
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Neologisms in Arundhati Roy's God of Small Things
Malá, Lucie ; Matuchová, Klára (advisor) ; Topolovská, Tereza (referee)
This thesis focuses on neologisms in the novel The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy. It aims at describing their morpho-syntactic features, the word-formation processes from which they result, and their contextual function in the analysed text. The original text is compared with the Czech translation and the ways of translating neologisms in Czech are explored. The thesis explores three hypotheses. Firstly, the predominant word-formation process employed in creating neologisms in the text is likely to be compounding. Secondly, the Czech translation is expected to contain fewer neologisms than the original. Thirdly, it is supposed that the distribution of neologisms is not balanced throughout the book, and that their frequency will increase in those chapters which offer the children's perspective. Out of these three hypotheses the first and the third one were confirmed. The validity of the second hypothesis could be neither confirmed nor refuted, for that would require further research on the Czech translation of the text, which was beyond the scope of this thesis.
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